The research are devoted to the epistemological analysis of mythology, considered as a meaningful system, which displays the vision and understanding of an archaic man of the world and of his being in it. Ways and means of display are identified in this system. The problem of specificity relation 'man - world' is solved at the stage of early forms of social consciousness. That's why the mentality of the indo-aryans - a great ancient people - is studied"--Summary.